But in relation to Russia during the 18th century, the term meant legislative changes to economics, politics and culture. " Westernization" carries different meanings in different countries over varying time periods. Contemporaries interpreted her personality as combining masculine strength with feminine vanity. Gender played a primary role in these criticisms. Many of Catherine's contemporaries questioned her adherence to Enlightenment ideals and thought she was an egoist, merely using concepts from the Age of Enlightenment to further her selfish gains. She wished to bring Russia up to par with its neighbors not only in a military sense, but also politically, culturally, and intellectually. She read the most prominent philosophes of the day, including Montesquieu and Voltaire and tried to adhere to Enlightenment ideas. Catherine the Great View of Ivan Shuvalov's art galleryĬatherine the Great considered herself an enlightened despot. Shuvalov was also the patron of the greatest Russian polymath– Mikhail Lomonosov– who left his mark in various branches of science, religious philosophy, poetry, and fine arts. Elizaveta's favourite, Ivan Shuvalov, was an ideal enlightened courtier: he was instrumental in the establishment of the Moscow University and the Imperial Academy of Arts, which would start the careers of most intellectuals active during the last quarter of the 18th century. ĭuring the reign of Peter's daughter Elizaveta Petrovna the ideas of the Enlightened Absolutism found their way into Russia. It is the spirit which animates the sermons of Feofan Prokopovich, the satires of Antiokh Kantemir, and the historiography of Vasily Tatishchev. The ideas of the Russian Enlightenment were first espoused by the "learned druzhina" of Peter the Great. Intellectuals often used the term prosveshchenie, promoting piety, erudition, and commitment to the spread of learning.Ĭatherine the Great personally wrote the words for her ambassadors and consuls in order to compile a Comparative dictionary. ![]() Russia's place in the world was debated by Denis Fonvizin, Mikhail Shcherbatov, Andrey Bolotov, Alexander Radishchev, and Ivan Boltin these discussions precipitated the divide between the radical, western, conservative and Slavophile traditions of Russian thought. Pugachev's Rebellion and the French Revolution may have shattered the illusions of rapid political change, but the intellectual climate in Russia was altered irrevocably. Russian Enlightenment didn't promote any changes for separation of church and state. The national Enlightenment in the Russian Empire differed from its Western European counterpart in that it promoted further modernization of all aspects of Russian life and was concerned with abolishing the institution of serfdom in Russia. Like other enlightened despots, Catherine the Great played a key role in fostering the arts, sciences, and education. During this time, the first Russian university was founded, a library, a theatre, a public museum, as well as relatively independent press. ![]() The Russian Age of Enlightenment was a period in the 18th century in which the government began to actively encourage the proliferation of arts and sciences, which had a profound impact on Russian culture. 18th-century period of arts and sciences in Russia Mikeshin's Monument to Catherine the Great after the Alexandrine Theatre in St.
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